Edditing
In Mrs Banks lesson we furthered our understanding about editing to add to what we were taught by Mr Buckmaster. Here are the techniques we learnt:

Shot revers shot- this is an editing pattern that cuts to the view in the opposite direction.

Eye match- part of continuity editing, where we see a character looking in a particular direction and what they are looking at.

Jump cut- unusual edit pattern and not used when we actually mean to "cut". A jump cut is where a few frames have been removed from a continuous extract to make it jurkey.

Cross cutting- the editing technique of alutering inbertwren one narrative action.

Parallel editing- running two or more sequences of action that are happening.

Insert- like zooming in.

Cut away- a cut from the main action to piece of released action somewhere else.

Long take- "take" refers to the length of time the camera is running between edits.

Short take- where there are lots of edits inverters each take.

Visible editing- is more arty, deliberately breaking continuity.

Invisible editing- when shots are joint with little knolage looks countinuose.

Slow motion- slows action down.

Ellipse- where the time changes, to show time change.

Montage- compresses time an gives a series of short takes.

Expansion of time- is the opposite of elipsis and montage. It is usually achieved by slow motion or using long takes.

Dissolve- where the inmate appears gradually.

Cross fade- where the current shot fades out as the other fades in.

Fade out- fades out usually to black.

Fade in- opposite to fade out.

Wipe- pushing the current screen out of the way.

CGI- computer generated image all digitally created effects are covered by the edditing section- e.g. The dragon in merlin

The video clip I have attached below is the matrix lobby scene. We were shown this clip in class it Shows a range of different editing tricks and how they are used at different points to get different effects. For example at the begging when the man in the glasses walks in the pace of the editing is slow to match the amount of action which is currently taking place at that time. The pace of the cuts then speeds up as they start shooting this is also then it matches what is happening in that part. At the begging when the main character walks in its clear that the director and camera man have considered the rule of thirds and the characters feet are shown in the left hand side of the screen they then move to be more central towards the end of that cut. The rule of thirds is repeatedly used when they are using the collums in the room to defend their selves from the buckets. In addition they have used the 180 rule when they use the collums for protection. The editor had slown down the cuts when the main characters are doing stunts e.g. Kart wheels and walking along the wall I believe they did that to show off the characters, in contrast they keep the guards cuts at the pace they are originally in to make them appear inferior as they are the defeted party.

Prediction of preliminary task

For mine and Ellen's preliminary task we employed Patric to be one of our actors and Ellen played the other. So that left me with the directing and filming. We pre planed the filming, shots, angles, script and location do there were no troubles when we arrived at the location. We planned a range of different angles and shots. Each recording we did again so then if there were any errors with the first recording we had the second as a back up. We thought about contuity , the rule  of three and the 180 rule when producing it, to crate the best possible preliminary task. We intentionally kept it simple so then we got a good grasp of the techniques so then we can expand on them when we come to do our final piece.

Preliminary task

When planning out preliminary task we have to consider pre production, production and post production.

Pre production:
-Plan a script
-Storyboard
-Setting
-Costume
-Props
-Angles
-Shots
-Employ actors

Production:
-Angle
-Shots
-Cuts
-Continuity
-Rule of thirds
-180 rule

Post production:
-Editing
-Sounds
-Special effects
-Titkes
-Credits

In one of my lessons last week we learnt about editing. I learnt that editing is a critical part of film language. It can be used for a multitude of things such as linking scenes/events together. In addition it is a very time consuming process to edit picese of work, for it to be edited well it the editing needs to be unnoticeable by the audience. The audience will never really appreciate the time and effort which is put into editing.

Cuts can be used to:
- Change scene
- Compress time
- Vary the point of view
- Montage, build up an image or idea

Cuts can be used to to change location or to show who is talking to who e.g. The 180 rule. Editors can also play around with the tempo of the cuts to create tension, this is very effective when used in conjunction of a playlist to match, and maybe use of extreme close ups on people's eyes to intensify their emotions.

Continuity is a key factor which is looked at when editing. You need to ensure that everything looks like one continuous scene or location. It's very important to make the audience believe that a scene is filmed in one place in one day to make it look effortless and create a sense of a time scale. Continuity also allows you to compress time as you wouldn't want to show every little bit of someone's like like brushing their teeth and their hair, this would lose the attraction of the audience.

Another technique I learnt about is called the rule of thirds, this is where you draw a grid and the main action happened in the 4 crosses which are created. It's very rear that it will happen in the centre as that's not how you see life, it happened a in the four crosses as it makes it more realistic.

History of editing

In 1895 the Luminere brothers invented cinematography. Cinematography is a three in one device which allows you to record capture and project motion picture.
It was 1901 when Edwin s.porter showed that film didn't have to be one long show. He also used footage to tell a different story unrelated to what the footage originally was meant to portray.
George Mase used a tabloid effect; which is where the camera isn't moved so then it's as if you are viewing it at a theatre, so everything unfolds right infront of your eyes
D.W Griffiths realised that emotions could be portrayed through different camera angles and by changing the pace of the editing-it wasn't all down to the actors. He was credited for the narrative of a film, the production of the first American feature film and the discovery of the close up.
Griffiths created most of the editing with is now used today.

The 180 degrees rule is the theory that you can move the camera 180 degrees and the scene to still make sense if you do anymore it could make a weird illusion as if someone was taking to them selves for example.

In our last lesson we looked at angle shots and we experimented doing a few of our own. We got our selves into groups and went outside and took some shots of our own. Then the next lesson when we returned to class we created powerpoint in our groups to show our understanding of the different shots. Bellow I have attached the power point.

Today in our media studies class we discovered the different angles and close ups. We looked at a clip from superman returns- bank robbery. I have tagged the link bellow. From this i have been able to identify different shots including:
-Extreme close up
-Big close up
-Close up
-Medium shot
-Medium long shot
-High angle shot
-Low angle shot
-Eye level shot

Extreme close ups have been used to show the different feelings the characters are feeling at a spesific time e.g when the criminal is pointing his gun at superman just before he fires a billet at his eye. From this we can detect feelings of power but also anger as he believes that he is superior as he has a weapon which holds the potential to cause such disaster. It also shows anger as he had already attempted to kill superman with a powerful weapon yet failed.
Big close ups have been have been used when the bullets are being deflected off of supermans cheast. This is used to demonstrate how violently they are hitting him and being bounced off.
One point a close up has been used is where a finger is being placed on the trigger of a gun this shows tells us as the audience that something negative is going to happen just by the pull of a trigger.
Medium has been used at the point when superman is walking towards the fast shooting gun it is used here to show the distance between superman and the gun and the vast dissapeing distance which means that the bullets must be hitting him at a higher speed which means that it must affect him more.
High angle shot is used right at the beging of the clip when we first see the soildiers this tells us that they aren't going to be successful. It also makes them appear inferior as they are being looked down on.
In contrast the first time you see the criminal its in a low angle shot which shows us that he is in charge and he is the superior figure in this section of the clip. In addition when we first see superman it is in a low angle shot which also conveys his superiority.
The eye angle shot is used when criminal is looking down the gun if you were to pause the clip at that point and walk around it would appear to you as if his eye were following you around the eyes aiming at you. It is used as it gives you the adrenaline rush of being in that situation but with the safety of having a screen in front of you.

I looked at another clip at home which is tagged bellow this is from the avengers.
I have been able to detect:
Medium close up
Medium shot
Medium long shot
Dutch angle
Revers angle

The medium close up is of caharactes shoulders and head it happens a lot though out the clip when focusing on indevidual characters.
Medium shot is used to focus on more than one character at a time.
The medium long shot is used when fitting the majority off the characters in the scene in the shot of the camera.
Dutch angle is used when the large snake like reacher crashes into the ground and is destroyed this suggest that there's something else to come, this is then reinforced when the camera is then on the human robot type figures as it is also a Dutch angle.
Revers angle is used when the hulk and captain America are talking, this shows that they are comunicating with each other.